Useful Figures and Tables
from
Introduction to Mechatronics and Measurement Systems
Figure 1.1 - Mechatronic system components
Figure 2.2 - Electric circuit terminology
Figure 2.7 - Resistor packaging
Figure 2.9 - Axial lead resistor color bands
Table 2.2 - Resistor color band codes
Figure 2.13 - Kirchhoff's voltage law
Figure 2.17 - Real voltage source with output impedance
Figure 2.20 - Real ammeter with input impedance
Figure 2.21 - Real voltmeter with input impedance
Figure 2.27 - Sinusoidal waveform
Figure 2.29 - Phasor representation of a sinusoidal signal
Figure 3.2 - pn junction characteristics
Figure 3.3 - Silicon diode
Figure 3.6 - Ideal, approximate, and real diode curves
Figure 3.12 - Light-emitting diode (LED)
Figure 3.15 - npn bipolar junction transistor
Figure 6.1 - Analog and digital signals
Table 6.2 - Hexadecimal symbols and equivalents
Table 6.3 - Combinational logic operations
Figure 6.25 - QUAD NAND gate IC pin-out
Figure 6.5 - Clock pulse edges
Figure 6.6 - RS flip-flop
Table 6.4 - Truth table for the RS flip-flop
Figure 6.7 - RS flip-flop internal design and timing
Figure 6.8 - Edge-triggered RS flip flops
Table 6.5 - Positive edge-triggered RS flip-flop truth table
Figure 6.16 - Switch bounce
Figure 6.17 - Switch debouncer circuit
Figure 6.18 - 4-bit data register
Figure 6.19 - 4-bit binary counter
Figure 6.34 - Seven-segment LED display
Figure 6.33 - Cascaded decade counters
Figure 6.42 - Monostable multivibrator (one-shot)
Figure 6.43 - One-shot timing
Figure 7.1 - Microcomputer architecture
Figure 7.2 - Components of a typical full-featured microcontroller
Figure 7.3 - PIC16F84 block diagram
Figure 7.4 - PIC16F84 pin-out and required external components
Table 7.5 - PicBasic Pro statement summary
Table 7.3 - Selected PicBasic Pro math operators and functions
Table 7.4 - PicBasic Pro logical comparison operators
Figure 7.18 - Interface circuits for input devices
Figure 7.19 - Interface circuits for output devices
Figure 4.2 - Amplitude linearity and nonlinearity
Figure 4.4 - Harmonic decomposition of a square wave
Figure 4.5 - Spectrum of a square wave
Figure 4.6 - Frequency response and bandwidth
Figure 4.7 - Effect of measurement system bandwidth on signal spectrum
Figure 4.8 - Relationship between phase and time displacement
Figure 4.11 - Displacement potentiometer
Figure 4.12 - First-order response
Figure 4.14 - Second-order mechanical system and free-body diagram
Figure 4.15 - Strip chart recorder as an example of a second-order system
Figure 4.17 - Second-order step response
Figure 4.19 - Second-order system amplitude response
Figure 4.20 - Second-order system phase response
Table 4.1 - Second-order system modeling analogies
Figure 4.21 - Example of system analogies
Figure 4.22 - Mechanical system analogy example
Figure 5.2 - Op amp terminology and schematic
Figure 5.4 - Op amp equivalent circuit
Figure 5.5 - 741 op amp pin-out
Figure 5.8 - Equivalent circuit for an inverting amplifier
Figure 5.11 - Equivalent circuit for a noninverting amplifier
Figure 5.18 - Ideal integrator
Figure 5.19 - Improved integrator
Figure 5.25 - Typical op amp open- and closed-loop response
Figure 8.1 - Analog signal and sampled equivalent
Figure 8.2 - Aliasing
Figure 8.3 - Analog-to-digital conversion
Figure 8.11 - A/D flash converter
Table 8.1 - 2-bit flash converter output
Figure 9.3 - Switches
Figure 9.5 - Potentiometer
Figure 9.7 - Linear variable differential transformer
Figure 9.8 - LVDT linear range
Figure 9.9 - LVDT demodulation
Figure 9.10 - LVDT output filter
Figure 9.12a - Components of an optical encoder
Figure 9.13 - 4-bit gray code absolute encoder disk track patterns
Figure 9.14 - 4-bit natural binary absolute encoder disk track patterns
Table 9.1 - 4-bit gray and natural binary codes
Figure 9.16 - Incremental encoder disk track patterns
Figure 9.17 - Quadrature direction sensing and resolution enhancement
Figure 9.15 - Gray-code-to-binary-code conversion
Figure 9.18 - 1X quadrature decoder circuit
Figure 10.2 - Solenoids
Figure 10.3 - Voice Coil
Figure 10.6 - Motor construction and terminology
Figure 10.10 - Electric motor field-field interaction
Figure 10.8 - Electric motor field-current interaction
Figure 10.21 - Stepper motor step sequence
Figure 10.22 - Dynamic response of a single step
Figure 10.25 - Example of a unipolar stepper motor
Tables 10.1 and 10.2 - Unipolar full-step and half-step phase sequences
Figure 10.28 - Unipolar stepper motor full-step drive circuit
Figure 9.19 - Metal foil strain gage construction
Figure 9.21 - Rectangular conductor
Figure 9.23 - Dynamic unbalanced bridge circuit
Figure 9.24 - Leadwire effects in 1/4 bridge circuits
Figure 9.25 - Temperature compensation with a dummy gage in half bridge
Figure 9.28 - General state of planar stress on the surface of a component
Figure 9.31 - Rectangular strain gage rosette
Lab Figure 13.4 - Strain gage rosette experimental setup
Figure 9.46 - Accelerometer displacement references and free-body diagram
Figure 9.47 - Ideal accelerometer amplitude response
Figure 9.48 - Ideal accelerometer phase response (same as
Figure 4.20
)
Figure 9.50 - Piezoelectric accelerometer construction
Figure 9.53 - Piezoelectric accelerometer frequency response
Figure 9.36 - Thermocouple circuit
Figure 9.37 - Law of leadwire temperatures
Figure 9.38 - Law of intermediate leadwire metals
Figure 9.39 - Law of intermediate junction metals
Figure 9.40 - Law of intermediate temperatures
Figure 9.41 - Law of intermediate metals
Figure 9.42 - Standard thermocouple configuration
Figure 9.43 - Attaching leadwires of selected metal
Figure 10.11 - Motor torque-speed curve
Figure 10.12 - DC permanent magnet motor schematic and torque-speed curve
Figure 10.17 - Permanent magnet DC motor characteristics
Figure 10.18 - Pulse width modulation of a DC motor
Figure 10.20 - PWM voltage and motor current
Design Example 10.1 - H-Bridge Drive for a DC Motor
